Bolton objected to Ukraine pressure campaign, calling Giuliani 'a hand grenade'

In a photo taken on April 2, former national security adviser John Bolton adjusts his glasses at the White House. PHOTO: REUTERS

WASHINGTON (NYTIMES) - The effort to pressure Ukraine for political help provoked a heated confrontation inside the White House last summer that so alarmed Mr John Bolton, then the national security adviser, that he told an aide to alert White House lawyers, House investigators were told on Monday (Oct 14).

Mr Bolton got into a sharp exchange on July 10 with Mr Gordon Sondland, the Trump donor turned ambassador to the European Union, who was working with Mr Rudy Giuliani, President Donald Trump's personal lawyer, to press Ukraine to investigate Democrats, according to three people in the room who heard the testimony.

Mr Bolton instructed Ms Fiona Hill, the senior director for Russian and Eurasian affairs, to notify the chief lawyer for the National Security Council about a rogue effort by Mr Sondland, Mr Giuliani and Mr Mick Mulvaney, the acting White House chief of staff, with legal implications, Ms Hill told the investigators, according to the people familiar the testimony.

"I am not part of whatever drug deal Rudy and Mulvaney are cooking up," Mr Bolton, a Yale-trained lawyer, told Ms Hill to tell White House lawyers, according to two people familiar with the testimony. (Another person in the room initially said Mr Bolton referred to Mr Giuliani and Mr Mulvaney, but two others said he cited Mr Sondland.)

It was not the first time Mr Bolton expressed grave concerns to Ms Hill about Mr Giuliani.

"Giuliani's a hand grenade who's going to blow everybody up," Ms Hill quoted Mr Bolton as saying during an earlier conversation.

The testimony revealed in a powerful way just how divisive Mr Giuliani's efforts to extract damaging information about Democrats from Ukraine on Mr Trump's behalf were within the White House.

Ms Hill testified that Mr Giuliani and his allies circumvented the usual national security process to run their own rump foreign policy, leaving the President's official advisers aware of the rogue operation yet powerless to stop it.

At one point, Ms Hill confronted Mr Sondland, who had inserted himself into dealings with Ukraine even though it was not part of his official portfolio, according to the people informed about Ms Hill's testimony.

He told her that he was in charge of Ukraine, a moment she compared to Secretary of State Alexander Haig's declaration that he was in charge after the Ronald Reagan assassination attempt, according to those who heard the testimony.

According to whom, she asked.

The President, he answered.

Ms Hill was the first former White House official to testify in the House impeachment inquiry, and her account provided a gripping in-the-room view of the shadow manoeuvres that have jeopardised Mr Trump's presidency.

While she left her post shortly before the now-famous July 25 telephone call in which Mr Trump pressed Ukraine's President to investigate Democrats, she helped House investigators understand the early months of the pressure campaign.

The day-long interview with Ms Hill came as House Democrats widened their net in the fast-paced inquiry by summoning Mr Michael McKinley, a senior adviser to Secretary of State Mike Pompeo who abruptly resigned last week, to testify on Wednesday.

Career diplomats have expressed outrage at the unceremonious removal of Ambassador Marie Yovanovitch from Ukraine after she came under attack by Mr Giuliani, Mr Donald Trump Jr and two associates who have since been arrested on charges of campaign violations.

The interviews indicated that House Democrats were proceeding full tilt with their inquiry despite the administration's declaration last week that it would refuse to cooperate with what it called an invalid and unconstitutional impeachment effort.

Three other administration officials were scheduled to talk with investigators this week despite the White House statement.

Mr Sondland, who backed out of testifying at the last minute last week on orders of the State Department, is now set to appear on Thursday.

Mr George P. Kent, the deputy assistant secretary of state who deals with the region, is scheduled to testify on Tuesday. And the committee on Monday set an interview for Friday with Ms Laura K. Cooper, a deputy assistant secretary of defence for Russia, Ukraine and Eurasia policy.

Mr Trump made no visible effort to block the testimony on Monday, even as he called on House Democrats to interview the anonymous CIA officer who first filed a whistle-blower complaint alleging that the President abused the power of his office by pressuring Ukraine to investigate former vice-president Joe Biden and other Democrats.

"A total Impeachment Scam!" Mr Trump wrote on Twitter.

Later in the day, he posted a number of video clips of Mr Mark Levin on Fox News excoriating the Democrats for pursuing impeachment, quoting the television host calling it "a silent COUP effort".

Ms Hill's testimony, which unfolded behind closed doors over nine hours in the secure rooms of the House Intelligence Committee on Capitol Hill, had been highly anticipated because of her position in a key job coordinating policy toward Russia, Ukraine and the rest of Europe.

The House Intelligence Committee issued a last-minute subpoena on Monday morning to compel Ms Hill to speak with the investigators, according to an official involved in the investigation, to make it easier for her to justify ignoring the White House's clear opposition to cooperation with the House inquiry.

Ms Hill testified that she opposed the idea of July 25 telephone call between Mr Trump and President Volodymyr Zelensky of Ukraine because she did not understand its purpose.

While it was described as a congratulatory call following parliamentary elections in Ukraine, Mr Trump had already made a congratulatory call to Mr Zelensky in April following his own election.

She was not told that Mr Trump would use the call to press for an investigation into Mr Biden, nor did she know about the President's decision to withhold US$391 million (S$535.58 million) in US assistance to Ukraine until shortly before her departure, according to the person informed about her account.

Her testimony does not establish a quid pro quo between the suspended aid and Mr Trump's pressure for investigations, the person said.

But she would confirm that the administration leveraged a coveted White House invitation for Mr Zelensky to a commitment to investigate corruption, which was seen as code for investigating Democrats.

Ms Hill is a widely respected, British-born former Brookings Institution scholar and intelligence officer.

She is the author, with Mr Clifford Gaddy, of Mr Putin, a critical biography of the Russian leader, and she was appointed senior director for Russian and Eurasian affairs on the National Security Council staff in 2017.

She turned over her duties to her successor on July 15 and left on July 19, just days before the July 25 call.

For much of her tenure, Ms Hill found herself caught in the middle, a noted sceptic of Mr Putin working for a president who valued his friendship with the Russian leader.

She came under fire from some of the most conservative figures and news media outlets around Mr Trump, which portrayed her as an enemy within, even as some of her longtime friends and colleagues expressed disapproval that she had gone to work for the President in the first place.

One of the most dramatic moments she described came in the July 10 meeting in Mr Bolton's office that included Mr Sondland; Mr Kurt Volker, then the special envoy for Ukraine; Mr Rick Perry, the energy secretary; and two Ukrainian officials.

The purpose of the meeting was to talk about technical assistance to Ukraine's national security council.

The Ukrainians were eager to set up a meeting between Mr Trump and Mr Zelensky, who was elected earlier this year on a promise to clean up corruption and resolve the country's five-year war with Russian-armed separatists.

Mr Bolton was trying to not commit to a meeting, according to Ms Hill's testimony. Mr Sondland got agitated, Ms Hill testified, and let out there was an agreement with Mr Mulvaney that there would be a meeting if Ukraine opened up the investigations the White House was seeking.

Mr Bolton ended the meeting abruptly. As the group moved toward the door, Mr Sondland said he wanted them to come down to the wardroom next to the White House mess to discuss next steps.

Mr Bolton pulled Ms Hill aside to instruct her to go to the wardroom and report to him what they talked about.

When she got downstairs, Mr Sondland was talking with the Ukrainians and specifically mentioned Burisma, the Ukrainian energy firm that had Mr Hunter Biden, the former vice-president's son, on its board.

Ms Hill testified that she asked Mr Sondland why he would be discussing this in front of their Ukrainian colleagues and tried to shuffle them out of the room and break things up.

At one point, Mr Sondland mentioned Mr Giuliani, who was involved in the discussions about a possible meeting between the two presidents.

Ms Hill went back upstairs and reported the encounter to Mr Bolton, who promptly instructed her to report the issue to Mr John Eisenberg, a deputy White House counsel and the chief legal adviser for the National Security Council, along with his line about the drug deal, which he meant metaphorically.

Mr Eisenberg told Ms Hill he would report it up his chain of command, which would typically mean Mr Pat Cipollone, the White House counsel.

It was uncertain what he did at that point. But when the CIA whistle-blower later filed his complaint, the agency's chief lawyer called Mr Eisenberg at the White House.

After several discussions over the following week, they decided the accusations had a reasonable basis.

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